triangulation

TYPES OF TRIANGULATION
Denzin (1970) extended the idea of triangulation beyond its conventional association
with research methods and designs. He distinguished four forms of triangulation:
1. Data triangulation, which entails gathering data through several sampling
strategies, so that slices of data at different times and social situations, as well as
on a variety of people, are gathered.
2. Investigator triangulation, which refers to the use of more than one researcher in
the field to gather and interpret data.
3. Theoretical triangulation, which refers to the use of more than one theoretical
position in interpreting data.
4. Methodological triangulation, which refers to the use of more than one method
for gathering data.

ที่มา: http://www.referenceworld.com/sage/socialscience/triangulation.pdf

Triangulations as a Qualitative Research Strategy (1).ppt

Triangulation.pdf

บทความไทย

vijai1.PDF

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การวิจัยในชั้นเรียน

http://www.moe.go.th/webtcs/Hom/Paper/Article/ratana/ratana02/ratana02.htm

Action Research

Doing action research in your own organization
โดย David Coghlan,Teresa Brannick

Action research in the classroom

Action Research Cycle

Nature, Benefits and Outcomes of Action Research

Nature of Action Research

Action research is contextual, small-scale and localized as it identifies and investigates problems within a specific situation.
Action research is evaluative and reflective as it aims to bring about change and improvement in practice.
Action research is systematic as it is based on the collection of information or data which provides the impetus for change.
Action research is cyclical and recursive, revisiting the same problem or issue 2-3 times in order to improve it.
Action research is participatory as it provides for collaborative investigation by teams of colleagues, practitioners and researchers.
(adapted from Burns, 1999, p.35)

Benefits of Action Research

For teachers to

claim responsibility for their own professional growth
recognise their right to participate in professional development
contribute to colleagues' professional development
experience a variety of professional learning activities
(ACTEQ, 2003)

Outcomes of Action Research

The understanding of the practice by the practitioner is improved.
The understanding of the situation in which the practice is practised is improved.
The situation in which the practice is practised is improved.
The practice of the practitioner improves.
(Bawden, 1991)